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The Effects of Team Diversity on Team Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Review of Team Demography

Sujin K. Horwitz

Department of Management and Marketing, Cameron School of Business, University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX 77006, horwits{at}stthom.edu

Irwin B. Horwitz

Management, Policy, and Community Health, University of Texas, School of Public Health, Houston, TX 77030

Over the past few decades, a great deal of research has been conducted to examine the complex relationship between team diversity and team outcomes. However, the impact of team diversity on team outcomes and moderating variables potentially affecting this relationship are still not fully answered with mixed findings in the literature. These research issues were, therefore, addressed by quantitatively reviewing extant work and provided estimates of the relationship between team diversity and team outcomes. In particular, the effects of task-related and bio-demographic diversity at the group-level were meta-analyzed to test the hypothesis of synergistic performance resulting from diverse employee teams. Support was found for the positive impact of task-related diversity on team performance although bio-demographic diversity was not significantly related to team performance. Similarly, no discernible effect of team diversity was found on social integration. The implications of the review for future research and practices are also discussed.

Key Words: team diversity • group diversity • team performance • meta-analysis

Journal of Management, Vol. 33, No. 6, 987-1015 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0149206307308587
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R. Mitchell, S. Nicholas, and B. Boyle
The Role of Openness to Cognitive Diversity and Group Processes in Knowledge Creation
Small Group Research, October 1, 2009; 40(5): 535 - 554.
[Abstract] [PDF]