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Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review
Russell Cropanzano
Department of Management and Policy, University of Arizona, P.O. Box 210108, Tucson, AZ 85721-0108, russell{at}eller.arizona.edu
Marie S. Mitchell
Department of Management, University of Central Florida, P.O. Box 161400, Orlando, FL 32816-1400
Social exchange theory (SET) is one the most influential conceptual paradigms in organizational behavior. Despite its usefulness, theoretical ambiguities within SET remain. As a consequence, tests of the model, as well as its applications, tend to rely on an incompletely specified set of ideas. The authors address conceptual difficulties and highlight areas in need of additional research. In so doing, they pay special attention to four issues: (a) the roots of the conceptual ambiguities, (b) norms and rules of exchange, (c) nature of the resources being exchanged, and (d) social exchange relationships.
Key Words: social exchange theory • reciprocity • workplace relationships
Journal of Management, Vol. 31, No. 6,
874-900 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0149206305279602
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