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Journal of Management
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External Sources of Knowledge, Governance Mode, and R&D Performance

Carl F. Fey

Institute of International Business, Stockholm School of Economics, P.O. Box 6501, S-11383 Stockholm, Sweden, and Stockholm School of Economics in Russia, iibcf{at}hhs.se

Julian Birkinshaw

London Business School, Sussex Place, Regents Park, London NW1 4SA, England

This article examines how the choice of governance mode for external R&D, along with openness to new ideas and codifiability of knowledge, affects R&D performance. Superior R&D performance is therefore viewed as arising through (a) the choice of approaches used by the firm to access knowledge from outside (university partnering, alliance partnering, and contracting), (b) the knowledge context of the firm (its openness to new ideas and the codifiability of its knowledge assets), and (c) the interactions between these two sets of factors. These arguments are tested, and mostly supported, using data on the R&D activities of 107 large firms based in the United Kingdom and Sweden.

Key Words: knowledge • research and development • external sourcing

Journal of Management, Vol. 31, No. 4, 597-621 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/0149206304272346
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