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Virtually Embedded Ties

Kogod School of Business, American University, 4400 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20016, USAsfowler{at}American.edu

Thomas B. Lawrence

Faculty of Business Administration, Simon Fraser University, 515 West Hastings Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6B 5K3emorse{at}ivey.uwo.ca

Eric A. Morse

Richard Ivey School of Business, The University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, Ont., Canada N6A 3tom_lawrence{at}sfu.ca

The Internet and other communication and information technologies have not only increased the efficiency and effectiveness of existing forms of interorganizational connection, but have also made possible the emergence of a new form – "virtually embedded ties". Such ties have two essential features: first, they utilize electronic communication and information technologies; second, the use of those technologies allows them to overcome the exchange-related problems previously addressed through the formation of socially embedded ties. We argue that virtually embedded ties offer an important alternative to socially embedded ties in industries that are characterized by high levels of dynamism.

Journal of Management, Vol. 30, No. 5, 647-666 (2004)
DOI: 10.1016/j.jm.2004.02.005


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