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Gender and Managerial Stereotypes: Have the Times Changed?

Gary N. Powell

Department of Management, University of Connecticut, 2100 Hillside Road, Unit 1041, Storrs, CT 06269-1041, USA, gary{at}sba.uconn.edu

D. Anthony Butterfield

Isenberg School of Management, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, dabutter{at}mgmt.umass.edu

Jane D. Parent

Isenberg School of Management, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA, jdparent{at}yahoo.com

There has been a considerable increase in the proportion of women managers in recent years, from 21% in 1976 to 46% in 1999, and a call for "feminine leadership" to capitalize on this increase. The present study examines whether there has been a corresponding change in men’s and women’s stereotypes of managers such that less emphasis is placed on managers’ possessing masculine characteristics. Data from 348 undergraduate and part-time graduate business students indicate that although managerial stereotypes place less emphasis on masculine characteristics than in earlier studies [Academy of Management Journal 22 (1979) 395; Group and Organization Studies 14 (2) (1989) 216], a good manager is still perceived as predominantly masculine.

Journal of Management, Vol. 28, No. 2, 177-193 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/014920630202800203
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