|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Centering Decisions in Hierarchical Linear Models: Implications for Research in Organizations
David A. Hofmann
Texas A & M University
Mark B. Gavin
Oklahoma State University
Organizational researchers are increasingly interested in model ing the multilevel nature of organizational data. Although most organi zational researchers have chosen to investigate these models using traditional Ordinary Least Squares approaches, hierarchical linear models (i.e., random coefficient models) recently have been receiving increased attention. One of the key questions in using hierarchical linear models is how a researcher chooses to scale the Level-1 indepen dent variables (e.g., raw metric, grand mean centering, group mean centering), because it directly influences the interpretation of both the level-1 and level-2 parameters. Several scaling options are reviewed and discussed in light of four paradigms of multilevellcross-level research in organizational science: incremental (i.e., group variables add incremental prediction to individual level outcomes over and above individual level predictors), mediational (i.e., the influence of group level variables on individual outcomes are mediated by individual perceptions), moderational (i.e., the relationship between two individ ual level variables is moderated by a group level variable), and sepa rate (i.e., separate within group and between group models). The paper concludes with modeling recommendations for each of these paradigms and discusses the importance of matching the paradigm under which one is operating to the appropriate modeling strategy.
Journal of Management, Vol. 24, No. 5,
623-641 (1998)
DOI: 10.1177/014920639802400504
 CiteULike  Complore  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati  Twitter What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
Z. Zhang, M. J. Zyphur, and K. J. Preacher
Testing Multilevel Mediation Using Hierarchical Linear Models: Problems and Solutions
Organizational Research Methods,
October 1, 2009;
12(4):
695 - 719.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.-C. Wu and S. Chaturvedi
The Role of Procedural Justice and Power Distance in the Relationship Between High Performance Work Systems and Employee Attitudes: A Multilevel Perspective
Journal of Management,
October 1, 2009;
35(5):
1228 - 1247.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Zhaoli Song, M. A. Uy, Shuhua Zhang, and Kan Shi
Daily job search and psychological distress: Evidence from China
Human Relations,
August 1, 2009;
62(8):
1171 - 1197.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. M. LaHuis and M. W. Ferguson
The Accuracy of Significance Tests for Slope Variance Components in Multilevel Random Coefficient Models
Organizational Research Methods,
July 1, 2009;
12(3):
418 - 435.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Craddock
Day Reporting Center Completion: Comparison of Individual and Multilevel Models
Crime Delinquency,
January 1, 2009;
55(1):
105 - 133.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tae Young Han and K. J. Williams
Multilevel Investigation of Adaptive Performance: Individual- and Team-Level Relationships
Group Organization Management,
December 1, 2008;
33(6):
657 - 684.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Watkins
Effects of Community, School, and Student Factors on School-Based Weapon Carrying
Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice,
October 1, 2008;
6(4):
386 - 409.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Gruys, S. M. Stewart, J. Goodstein, M. N. Bing, and A. C. Wicks
Values Enactment in Organizations: A Multi-Level Examination
Journal of Management,
August 1, 2008;
34(4):
806 - 843.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. M. Riordan and J. H. Wayne
A Review and Examination of Demographic Similarity Measures Used to Assess Relational Demography Within Groups
Organizational Research Methods,
July 1, 2008;
11(3):
562 - 592.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hee Sun Park
The Effects of Shared Cognition on Group Satisfaction and Performance: Politeness and Efficiency in Group Interaction
Communication Research,
February 1, 2008;
35(1):
88 - 108.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. M. B. Thatcher and L. L. Greer
Does It Really Matter If You Recognize Who I Am? The Implications of Identity Comprehension for Individuals in Work Teams{dagger}
Journal of Management,
February 1, 2008;
34(1):
5 - 24.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Riketta and C. A. Sacramento
`They Cooperate With Us, So They Are Like Me': Perceived Intergroup Relationship Moderates Projection from Self to Outgroups
Group Processes Intergroup Relations,
January 1, 2008;
11(1):
115 - 131.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. H. Heck
Examining the Relationship Between Teacher Quality as an Organizational Property of Schools and Students' Achievement and Growth Rates
Educational Administration Quarterly,
October 1, 2007;
43(4):
399 - 432.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W.-L. Cheung
Comparison of Methods of Handling Missing Time-Invariant Covariates in Latent Growth Models Under the Assumption of Missing Completely at Random
Organizational Research Methods,
October 1, 2007;
10(4):
609 - 634.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Beaudoin
HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa: a multilevel analysis of message frames and their social determinants
Health Promot. Int.,
September 1, 2007;
22(3):
198 - 206.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
IJ. H. van Emmerik, M. C. Euwema, and A. B. Bakker
Threats of Workplace Violence and the Buffering Effect of Social Support
Group Organization Management,
April 1, 2007;
32(2):
152 - 175.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. S. Lyness and M. Brumit Kropf
Cultural Values and Potential Nonresponse Bias: A Multilevel Examination of Cross-National Differences in Mail Survey Response Rates
Organizational Research Methods,
April 1, 2007;
10(2):
210 - 224.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. A. Scott and T. A. Judge
Insomnia, Emotions, and Job Satisfaction: A Multilevel Study
Journal of Management,
October 1, 2006;
32(5):
622 - 645.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
O. Paccagnella
Centering or Not Centering in Multilevel Models? The Role of the Group Mean and the Assessment of Group Effects
Eval Rev,
February 1, 2006;
30(1):
66 - 85.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. C. Liden, S. J. Wayne, R. A. Jaworski, and N. Bennett
Social Loafing: A Field Investigation
Journal of Management,
April 1, 2004;
30(2):
285 - 304.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. J. Beal and H. M. Weiss
Methods of Ecological Momentary Assessment in Organizational Research
Organizational Research Methods,
October 1, 2003;
6(4):
440 - 464.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. D. Bliese and R. E. Ployhart
Growth Modeling Using Random Coefficient Models: Model Building, Testing, and Illustrations
Organizational Research Methods,
October 1, 2002;
5(4):
362 - 387.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. L. Davison, N. Kwak, Y. S. Seo, and J. Choi
Using Hierarchical Linear Models to Examine Moderator Effects: Person-by-Organization Interactions
Organizational Research Methods,
July 1, 2002;
5(3):
231 - 254.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. M. Whitener
Do "high commitment" human resource practices affect employee commitment?: A cross-level analysis using hierarchical linear modeling
Journal of Management,
October 1, 2001;
27(5):
515 - 535.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
