|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Firm Resources and Sustained Competitive Advantage
Jay Barney
Texas A&M University
Understanding sources of sustained competitive advantage has become a major area of research in strategic management. Building on the assumptions that strategic resources are heterogeneously distributed acrossfirms and that these differences are stable over time, this article examines the link betweenfirm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Four empirical indicators of the potential of firm resources to generate sustained competitive advantage-value, rareness, imitability, and substitutability-are discussed. The model is applied by analyzing the potential of severalfirm resourcesfor generating sustained competitive advantages. The article concludes by examining implications of this firm resource model of sustained competitive advantage for other business disciplines.
Journal of Management, Vol. 17, No. 1,
99-120 (1991)
DOI: 10.1177/014920639101700108
 CiteULike  Connotea  Del.icio.us  Digg  Reddit  Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
|
|
 
S. Arvanitis and M. Woerter
Firms' transfer strategies with universities and the relationship with firms' innovation performance
Ind. Corp. Change,
June 5, 2009;
(2009)
dtp029v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. O'Cass
A resource-based view of the political party and value creation for the voter-citizen: an integrated framework for political marketing
Marketing Theory,
June 1, 2009;
9(2):
189 - 208.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Moores
Paradigms and Theory Building in the Domain of Business Families
Family Business Review,
June 1, 2009;
22(2):
167 - 180.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Melian-Gonzalez and J. Bulchand-Gidumal
Good moves, mistakes and unexpected events in an initiative to improve public management in the ICT service provision at a university
International Review of Administrative Sciences,
June 1, 2009;
75(2):
271 - 291.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. A. Whetten, T. Felin, and B. G. King
The Practice of Theory Borrowing in Organizational Studies: Current Issues and Future Directions
Journal of Management,
June 1, 2009;
35(3):
537 - 563.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. J. Richard, T. M. Devinney, G. S. Yip, and G. Johnson
Measuring Organizational Performance: Towards Methodological Best Practice
Journal of Management,
June 1, 2009;
35(3):
718 - 804.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. J. Cater III and R. T. Justis
The Development of Successors From Followers to Leaders in Small Family Firms: An Exploratory Study
Family Business Review,
June 1, 2009;
22(2):
109 - 124.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. Claver, L. Rienda, and D. Quer
Family Firms' International Commitment: The Influence of Family-Related Factors
Family Business Review,
June 1, 2009;
22(2):
125 - 135.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Lichtenthaler and H. Ernst
Technology licensing strategies: the interaction of process and content characteristics
Strategic Organization,
May 1, 2009;
7(2):
183 - 221.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Hyde, C. Harris, R. Boaden, and P. Cortvriend
Human relations management, expectations and healthcare: A qualitative study
Human Relations,
May 1, 2009;
62(5):
701 - 725.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Ituma and R. Simpson
The `boundaryless' career and career boundaries: Applying an institutionalist perspective to ICT workers in the context of Nigeria
Human Relations,
May 1, 2009;
62(5):
727 - 761.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. J. Stephens, J. Fulk, and P. R. Monge
Constrained choices in alliance formations: Cupids and organizational marriages
Human Relations,
April 1, 2009;
62(4):
501 - 536.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Su, C. L. Dyer, and V. B. Gargeya
Strategic Sourcing and Supplier Selection in the U.S. Textile-- Apparel--Retail Supply Network
Clothing and Textiles Research Journal,
April 1, 2009;
27(2):
83 - 97.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Levie and M. Lerner
Resource Mobilization and Performance in Family and Nonfamily Businesses in the United Kingdom
Family Business Review,
March 1, 2009;
22(1):
25 - 38.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Wang and P. Costello
An Investigation into Innovations in SMEs: Evidence from the West Midlands, UK
Journal of Entrepreneurship,
March 1, 2009;
18(1):
65 - 93.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-L. Hervas-Oliver and J. Albors-Garrigos
The role of the firm's internal and relational capabilities in clusters: when distance and embeddedness are not enough to explain innovation
J. Econ. Geogr.,
March 1, 2009;
9(2):
263 - 283.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Kim, C. Kovner, C. Harrington, W. Greene, and M. Mezey
A Panel Data Analysis of the Relationships of Nursing Home Staffing Levels and Standards to Regulatory Deficiencies
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci,
March 1, 2009;
64B(2):
269 - 278.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Desyllas and A. Hughes
The revealed preferences of high technology acquirers: An analysis of the innovation characteristics of their targets
Camb. J. Econ.,
February 25, 2009;
(2009)
bep004v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. J. Arend and P. Bromiley
Assessing the dynamic capabilities view: spare change, everyone?
Strategic Organization,
February 1, 2009;
7(1):
75 - 90.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Helfat and M. A. Peteraf
Understanding dynamic capabilities: progress along a developmental path
Strategic Organization,
February 1, 2009;
7(1):
91 - 102.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Martinez-Costa and D. Jimenez-Jimenez
The Effectiveness of TQM: The Key Role of Organizational Learning in Small Businesses
International Small Business Journal,
February 1, 2009;
27(1):
98 - 125.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. Babiak and L. Thibault
Challenges in Multiple Cross-Sector Partnerships
Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly,
February 1, 2009;
38(1):
117 - 143.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Gerhart
Cross Cultural Management Research: Assumptions, Evidence, and Suggested Directions
International Journal of Cross Cultural Management,
December 1, 2008;
8(3):
259 - 274.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Becerra
A Resource-Based Analysis of the Conditions for the Emergence of Profits
Journal of Management,
December 1, 2008;
34(6):
1110 - 1126.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N.K. Napier, M. Harvey, and K. Usui
Management Education in Emerging Economies: The Impossible Dream?
Journal of Management Education,
December 1, 2008;
32(6):
792 - 819.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. C. Short, G. T. Payne, and D. J. Ketchen Jr.
Research on Organizational Configurations: Past Accomplishments and Future Challenges
Journal of Management,
December 1, 2008;
34(6):
1053 - 1079.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Herrmann
Contrasting the resource-based view and competitiveness theories: how pharmaceutical firms choose to compete in Germany, Italy and the UK
Strategic Organization,
November 1, 2008;
6(4):
343 - 374.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Tzabbar, B. S. Aharonson, T. L. Amburgey, and A. Al-Laham
When is the whole bigger than the sum of its parts? Bundling knowledge stocks for innovative success
Strategic Organization,
November 1, 2008;
6(4):
375 - 406.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Moeller
Customer Integration--A Key to an Implementation Perspective of Service Provision
Journal of Service Research,
November 1, 2008;
11(2):
197 - 210.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Heli Wang and Jiatao Li
Untangling the Effects of Overexploration and Overexploitation on Organizational Performance: The Moderating Role of Environmental Dynamism{dagger}
Journal of Management,
October 1, 2008;
34(5):
925 - 951.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H.-C. Lin and C.-T. Shih
How Executive SHRM System Links to Firm Performance: The Perspectives of Upper Echelon and Competitive Dynamics{dagger}
Journal of Management,
October 1, 2008;
34(5):
853 - 881.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Johnston and M. A. Malina
Managing Sexual Orientation Diversity: The Impact on Firm Value
Group Organization Management,
October 1, 2008;
33(5):
602 - 625.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. Beltran-Martin, V. Roca-Puig, A. Escrig-Tena, and J. C. Bou-Llusar
Human Resource Flexibility as a Mediating Variable Between High Performance Work Systems and Performance
Journal of Management,
October 1, 2008;
34(5):
1009 - 1044.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Salvato and L. Melin
Creating Value Across Generations in Family-Controlled Businesses: The Role of Family Social Capital
Family Business Review,
September 1, 2008;
21(3):
259 - 276.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E. F. Holton III and B. Yamkovenko
Strategic Intellectual Capital Development: A Defining Paradigm for HRD?
Human Resource Development Review,
September 1, 2008;
7(3):
270 - 291.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C.-A. Tetrault Sirsly and K. Lamertz
When Does a Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative Provide a First-Mover Advantage?
Business Society,
September 1, 2008;
47(3):
343 - 369.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Ambrosini and C. Bowman
Surfacing Tacit Sources of Success
International Small Business Journal,
August 1, 2008;
26(4):
403 - 431.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Lockett, R. P. O'Shea, and M. Wright
The Development of the Resource-based View: Reflections from Birger Wernerfelt 1
Organization Studies,
August 1, 2008;
29(8-9):
1125 - 1141.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Freiling, M. Gersch, and C. Goeke
On the Path towards a Competence-based Theory of the Firm
Organization Studies,
August 1, 2008;
29(8-9):
1143 - 1164.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Dosi, M. Faillo, and L. Marengo
Organizational Capabilities, Patterns of Knowledge Accumulation and Governance Structures in Business Firms: An Introduction
Organization Studies,
August 1, 2008;
29(8-9):
1165 - 1185.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Kuhn
A Communicative Theory of the Firm: Developing an Alternative Perspective on Intra-organizational Power and Stakeholder Relationships
Organization Studies,
August 1, 2008;
29(8-9):
1227 - 1254.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kachra and K. Schnietz
The Capstone Strategy Course: What Might Real Integration Look Like?
Journal of Management Education,
August 1, 2008;
32(4):
476 - 508.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Lichtenthaler and H. Ernst
Intermediary Services in the Markets for Technology: Organizational Antecedents and Performance Consequences
Organization Studies,
July 1, 2008;
29(7):
1003 - 1035.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. Chirico and C. Salvato
Knowledge Integration and Dynamic Organizational Adaptation in Family Firms
Family Business Review,
June 1, 2008;
21(2):
169 - 181.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Vincent
A transmutation theory of inter-organizational exchange relations and networks: Applying critical realism to analysis of collective agency
Human Relations,
June 1, 2008;
61(6):
875 - 899.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Beugelsdijk
Strategic Human Resource Practices and Product Innovation
Organization Studies,
June 1, 2008;
29(6):
821 - 847.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Raisch and J. Birkinshaw
Organizational Ambidexterity: Antecedents, Outcomes, and Moderators
Journal of Management,
June 1, 2008;
34(3):
375 - 409.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. G. Hoopes and T. L. Madsen
A capability-based view of competitive heterogeneity
Ind. Corp. Change,
June 1, 2008;
17(3):
393 - 426.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pe'er, I. Vertinsky, and A. King
Who enters, where and why? The influence of capabilities and initial resource endowments on the location choices of de novo enterprises
Strategic Organization,
May 1, 2008;
6(2):
119 - 149.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Rodriguez-Diaz and T. F. Espino-Rodriguez
A Model of Strategic Evaluation of a Tourism Destination Based on Internal and Relational Capabilities
Journal of Travel Research,
May 1, 2008;
46(4):
368 - 380.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Regner
Strategy-as-practice and dynamic capabilities: Steps towards a dynamic view of strategy
Human Relations,
April 1, 2008;
61(4):
565 - 588.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Wheeler, K. Ibeh, and P. Dimitratos
UK Export Performance Research: Review and Implications
International Small Business Journal,
April 1, 2008;
26(2):
207 - 239.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. Brouthers, L. E. Brouthers, and S. Werner
Resource-Based Advantages in an International Context{dagger}
Journal of Management,
April 1, 2008;
34(2):
189 - 217.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Sturman, K. Walsh, and R. A. Cheramie
The Value of Human Capital Specificity Versus Transferability
Journal of Management,
April 1, 2008;
34(2):
290 - 316.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. E. Mathieu, R. P. DeShon, and D. D. Bergh
Mediational Inferences in Organizational Research: Then, Now, and Beyond
Organizational Research Methods,
April 1, 2008;
11(2):
203 - 223.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Ulset
The rise and fall of global network alliances
Ind. Corp. Change,
April 1, 2008;
17(2):
267 - 300.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. King
A Social Movement Perspective of Stakeholder Collective Action and Influence
Business Society,
March 1, 2008;
47(1):
21 - 49.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Crul and G. M. Zinkhan
A Theory of the Firm Perspective on Marketing and Distributive Justice
Journal of Macromarketing,
March 1, 2008;
28(1):
12 - 23.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. A. Enz
Creating a Competitive Advantage by Building Resource Capability: The Case of Outback Steakhouse Korea
Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,
February 1, 2008;
49(1):
73 - 78.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. S. Thukral, J. Von Ehr, S. Walsh, A. J. Groen, P. Van Der Sijde, and K. Akmaliah Adham
Entrepreneurship, Emerging Technologies, Emerging Markets
International Small Business Journal,
February 1, 2008;
26(1):
101 - 116.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. H. Chiles, V. K. Gupta, and A. C. Bluedorn
On Lachmannian and Effectual Entrepreneurship: A Rejoinder to Sarasvathy and Dew (2008)
Organization Studies,
February 1, 2008;
29(2):
247 - 253.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. M. Miller, T. L. Henthorne, and B. P. George
The Competitiveness of the Cuban Tourism Industry in the Twenty-First Century: A Strategic Re-Evaluation
Journal of Travel Research,
February 1, 2008;
46(3):
268 - 278.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Park and M. A. Dickson
Engaging in Buyer-Seller Partnership for Fair Labor Management: The Role of a Buyer Firm's Strategic Emphasis
Clothing and Textiles Research Journal,
January 1, 2008;
26(1):
41 - 56.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F. X. Molina-Morales and M. T. Martinez-Fernandez
Shared Resources in Industrial Districts: Information, Know-How and Institutions in the Spanish Tile Industry
International Regional Science Review,
January 1, 2008;
31(1):
35 - 61.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Miller, T. Besser, and A. Malshe
Strategic Networking among Small Businesses in Small US Communities
International Small Business Journal,
December 1, 2007;
25(6):
631 - 665.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. E. Armstrong and K. Shimizu
A Review of Approaches to Empirical Research on the Resource-Based View of the Firm{dagger}
Journal of Management,
December 1, 2007;
33(6):
959 - 986.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S.-G. Moon and P. deLeon
Contexts and Corporate Voluntary Environmental Behaviors: Examining the EPA's Green Lights Voluntary Program
Organization Environment,
December 1, 2007;
20(4):
480 - 496.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Jashapara
Moving beyond tacit and explicit distinctions: a realist theory of organizational knowledge
Journal of Information Science,
December 1, 2007;
33(6):
752 - 766.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
W. D. Reisel, S.-L. Chia, C. M. Maloles III, and J. W. Slocum JR
The Effects of Job Insecurity on Satisfaction and Perceived Organizational Performance
Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies,
November 1, 2007;
14(2):
106 - 116.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
U. Schneider
Coping with the Concept of Knowledge
Management Learning,
November 1, 2007;
38(5):
613 - 633.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B. Arya and Zhiang Lin
Understanding Collaboration Outcomes From an Extended Resource-Based View Perspective: The Roles of Organizational Characteristics, Partner Attributes, and Network Structures{dagger}
Journal of Management,
October 1, 2007;
33(5):
697 - 723.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. Blanco-Mazagatos, E. de Quevedo-Puente, and L. A. Castrillo
The Trade-Off Between Financial Resources and Agency Costs in the Family Business: An Exploratory Study
Family Business Review,
September 1, 2007;
20(3):
199 - 213.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
G. Stonehouse and B. Snowdon
Competitive Advantage Revisited: Michael Porter on Strategy and Competitiveness
Journal of Management Inquiry,
September 1, 2007;
16(3):
256 - 273.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. Farjoun
The end of strategy?
Strategic Organization,
August 1, 2007;
5(3):
197 - 210.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Foss
Strategic belief management
Strategic Organization,
August 1, 2007;
5(3):
249 - 258.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Langley
Process thinking in strategic organization
Strategic Organization,
August 1, 2007;
5(3):
271 - 282.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Baker and T. G. Pollock
Making the marriage work: the benefits of strategy's takeover of entrepreneurship for strategic organization
Strategic Organization,
August 1, 2007;
5(3):
297 - 312.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Etzion
Research on Organizations and the Natural Environment, 1992-Present: A Review
Journal of Management,
August 1, 2007;
33(4):
637 - 664.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. A. Zahra, E. Van de Velde, and B. Larraneta
Knowledge conversion capability and the performance of corporate and university spin-offs
Ind. Corp. Change,
August 1, 2007;
16(4):
569 - 608.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Swart and N. Kinnie
Simultaneity of Learning Orientations in a Marketing Agency
Management Learning,
July 1, 2007;
38(3):
337 - 357.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Windsor
Toward a Global Theory of Cross-Border and Multilevel Corporate Political Activity
Business Society,
June 1, 2007;
46(2):
253 - 278.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. DeNoble, S. Ehrlich, and G. Singh
Toward the Development of a Family Business Self-Efficacy Scale: A Resource-Based Perspective
Family Business Review,
June 1, 2007;
20(2):
127 - 140.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Hassan
Book Review: David Andrews (ed.), Manchester United: A Thematic Study. London: Routledge, 2004, pp. 304 (including index). ISBN 0415333334, {pound}75 (hbk)
International Review for the Sociology of Sport,
June 1, 2007;
42(2):
223 - 228.
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. D. Brouthers and J.-F. Hennart
Boundaries of the Firm: Insights From International Entry Mode Research
Journal of Management,
June 1, 2007;
33(3):
395 - 425.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
N. J. Foss and I. Ishikawa
Towards a Dynamic Resource-based View: Insights from Austrian Capital and Entrepreneurship Theory
Organization Studies,
May 1, 2007;
28(5):
749 - 772.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Hakanson
Creating knowledge: the power and logic of articulation
Ind. Corp. Change,
March 24, 2007;
(2007)
dtl033v1.
[Abstract]
[Full Text]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. Shropshire and A. J. Hillman
A Longitudinal Study of Significant Change in Stakeholder Management
Business Society,
March 1, 2007;
46(1):
63 - 87.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Tokarczyk, E. Hansen, M. Green, and J. Down
A Resource-Based View and Market Orientation Theory Examination of the Role of "Familiness" in Family Business Success
Family Business Review,
March 1, 2007;
20(1):
17 - 31.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. W. Rutherford and P. F. Buller
Searching for the Legitimacy Threshold
Journal of Management Inquiry,
March 1, 2007;
16(1):
78 - 92.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Leitch and S. Davenport
Strategic ambiguity as a discourse practice: the role of keywords in the discourse on 'sustainable' biotechnology
Discourse Studies,
February 1, 2007;
9(1):
43 - 61.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V. P. Rindova, A. P. Petkova, and S. Kotha
Standing out: how new firms in emerging markets build reputation
Strategic Organization,
February 1, 2007;
5(1):
31 - 70.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. S. Dev, J. R. Brown, and K. Z. Zhou
Global Brand Expansion: How to Select a Market Entry Strategy
Cornell Hospitality Quarterly,
February 1, 2007;
48(1):
13 - 27.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
